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Hazardous Area Classification in Petroleum and Chemical Plants_ A Guide to Mitigating Risk by Alireza Bahadori

基本信息

Publishing: CRC Press (2013年12月9日)
精装: 564页
语种： 英语
ISBN: 1482206455
条形码: 9781482206456
商品尺寸:  15.6 x 3.2 x 23.4 cm
ASIN: 1482206455

作者简介



Alireza Bahadori, PhD, is a research staff member in the School of Environment, Science & Engineering, at Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia. He received his PhD from Curtin University, Western Australia. Dr. Bahadori is the recipient of the Australian government’s Endeavour International Postgraduate Research Award as part of his research in oil and gas area. He also received a top-up award from state government of Western Australia through Western Australia Energy Research Alliance (WA:ERA) in 2009. Dr. Bahadori serves as a member of the editorial board for a number of journals, and he is the author of over 200 articles and six books.



目录



Classification of Fires and Fire Hazard Properties

Introduction

Classification of Fires

Fire Hazard Properties

Classification of Hazards

Classification of Occupancy Hazards

Classification of Construction

Fire Protection in Buildings

Hazard of Contents

Ramps

Fire Resistance

Basic Methods of Firefighting

Principles of Fire Protection

Extinguishing Methods

Suggested Hazard Identification

Hazard and Operability Studies

References

Further Readings

Hazardous Area Classification

Introduction

The Basic Physical Principles and Definitions

Area Classification

Ventilation

Equipment Protection Level

Gas Explosion Protection Concepts for Electrical Equipment

Repair

Combustible Dusts

Class-Division Schemes

References

Further Readings


Layout and Spacing

Introduction

Layout in Oil, Gas, and Chemical Facilities

Basic Considerations

Plant Layout

Layout of Control Room and Electrical Substation

Firefighting Requirements

Building Requirements

Layout in Process Units

Distances/Clearances Requirements for Storage Tanks

Layout of LPG Facilities

Equipment Layout and Spacing

Layout of Piping

Utility Layout and Spacing

Off-Site Facilities

Waste Treatment Facilities

Emergency Shutdown System

Blowdown Drums

Fire Training Areas

Tetraethyl Lead Blending Plants

References

Further Readings


Fire Alarm Systems and Automatic Detectors

Introduction

Basic Principles

Alarms and Status Indication for Plant Units

Buildings, Warehouses’ Fire Detection, and Control Panel

Fire Detection System

Gas Detection System

Gas Detectors: Materials

Gas Detector Tubes

Marking

Instruction Manual

Principle of Operation, Combustible Gas Detectors

Use of Portable and Transportable Combustible

Gas- Detection Apparatuses

Maintenance Routine Procedures and General

Administrative Control

Combination Explosive, Toxic, and Oxygen Deficiency or

Excess Detectors (Portable and Transportable)

Chemical Sensing Detectors and Tubes

References


Firefighting Sprinkler Systems

Introduction

Outline Design

Interaction with Other Fire Protection Measures

Buildings to Be Sprinkler-Protected

Classification of Occupancies

Types

Wet Pipe Installations

Alternate (Wet and Dry Pipe) Installations

Dry Pipe Installations

Preaction Installations

Recycling Installations

Tail-End Alternate Pipe and Tail-End Dry Pipe Extensions

Deluge Installations

Water Supplies

Design Density and Assumed Maximum Area of Operation

for Fully Hydraulically Calculated Installations

Water Supply Pressure-Flow Characteristics and Velocity

Temperature Ratings, Classifications, and Color Coding

Hazard to Personnel

Outside Sprinklers for Protection against Exposure Fires

Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems

Further Readings


Carbon Dioxide Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems

Introduction

Characteristics and Uses of Carbon Dioxide

Use and Limitations

System Components

Types of Systems

Package Systems (Kits)

Total Flooding Systems

Carbon Dioxide for Surface Fires

Carbon Dioxide for Deep-Seated Fires

Rates of Application

Local Application Systems

Manual Hose Reel Systems

Standpipe Systems and Mobile Supply

Storage Containers

Discharge Nozzles

Additional Requirements for All Systems

Safety Requirements

Further Readings


Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishing Systems

Introduction

General Information and Requirements

Powder

Dry Chemical and Expellant Gas Supply

General Design Principles

Types of Systems

Total Flooding Systems

Local Application Systems

Monitor and Hose Reel Systems

Alarms and Indicators

Safety Precautions

Further Readings


Foam Generating and Proportioning Systems

Introduction

Foams

System Design

Subsurface Foam Systems

Semisubsurface Systems

Pressure Storage of C and Lighter Hydrocarbons

LNG and NGL Atmospheric Refrigerated Storage Tanks

Foam Monitors and Handlines

Foam Concentrate and Solution

Foam Quality

Dike Area Protection

Water Supplies and Pumps

Storage

Foam Concentrate Pumps

Hydrants

Foam Concentrate Facilities

Automatically Operated Systems

Detection and Alarm Equipment

Foam Spray Systems

Discharge Rate

Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Systems

Local Application Systems

Safety Hazards

Wetting Agents

Reduction of Soil Pollution by Reducing Foam Exploitation

The Dynamic Extinguishing Strategy

Sample Calculation of Foam Compound Requirement for a

Depot/Terminal

Brief Summary of Fire-Fighting Foam

References


Fire-Fighting and Fire Protection Facilities

Introduction

Fire Prevention Practices in Offshore Facilities

Fire-Fighting Equipment

Water Monitors (Mobile and Fixed Offshore Installations)

Water Deluge Pumps and Water Deluge Main

Water Deluge Systems

Automatic Sprinkler, Fire Detection, and Fire Alarm

Systems for Fixed Offshore Installations

Pressure Water-Spraying Systems

Fire-Extinguishing Systems

Storage of Gas Cylinders

Fire Protection for Onshore Installations

Water Supplies

Bases for a Fire-Fighting Water System

Water Tanks for Fire Protection

Sample Calculation of Fire Water Flow Rate for Storage Tanks

Fire Protection System, Inspection, and Testing

References

Glossary

Appendices

Hazardous Area Classification in Petroleum and Chemical Plants_ A Guide to Mitigating Risk
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