Aspen流程模拟——精馏塔的动态模拟上
Aspen流程模拟——精馏塔的动态模拟上转子知乎：https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv18385388
采用软件为Aspen Plus Dynamics V12、Aspen Plus V12、Origin 2018，语言中文。本人所学有限，内容讲解难免有所疏漏，敬请指正。本文所用文献资料及bkp、dynf文件等见本文结尾链接。由于专栏仅插入100张图片，因此本模块分为上下两部分//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/0117cbba35e51b0bce5f8c2f6a838e8a087e8ee7.png本文塔参数来自Aspen流程模拟——塔设计软件版本为V11.0，语言中文。本人所学有限，内容讲解难免有所疏漏，敬请指正。本文所用文献资料及bkp文件等见本文结尾链接。流股组分参考江苏索普（集团)有限公司工业粗醋酸企业标准（Q/321100 ZH013——2021）设计大赛对于塔的要求如下物性NRTL-HOC，年处理20万吨，初始流股如下可先选择简捷塔(DSTWU)进行初步分析，回流比-1.2~-2（最小回流比的倍数）内即可，压降0.2bar，乙酸要求回收率99%，重组分99%（1-1%）如果选择初始点和最终点可以按自己需求观察塔板与回流
文章铭灵灵QAQ9021012
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加入公用工程低压蒸汽（LP）及冷却水（WATER）//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/8b91b0c71d0ffa7a0c08d96b998d052b44947e8d.png@861w_485h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/9fd1450633d20a5bba8b320b18455b98ae6b7d04.png@828w_459h_progressive.webp塔压降设定为0.4bar//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/45c8997ff0b2a46618a14ca54b2ce96712ce4661.png@686w_482h_progressive.webp在流程中加入流股运输所必须的泵及阀门，其中流股进口阀门V101的排出压力应当与进料板压力相同，设定为1.33529bar，泵的排出压力均为3bar，其他阀门压降均为0.2bar//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/65c9e228e7543c77e3267e46f3bae6b17564fcd6.png@942w_297h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/081e4afc387ab7cca01d2dd9bbc35b921164ba6a.png@765w_650h_progressive.webp进料板压力为确定动态模拟的三个必要部分输入//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/ecd6c8d4964d81b12c7c19ab31b97b1d3a12d899.png@936w_632h_progressive.webp首先添加塔内件，点击自动分段得出参考值//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/cc7a3973ab62c935df01640ada2cc0bd263ee6a3.png@942w_291h_progressive.webp参考值对塔参数进行圆整，并选择核算模式，重置后运行//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/ca72398f27c604919411b5fef276117eb8c51f37.png@942w_390h_progressive.webp发现如下问题//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/56ed98f20a221a1adaa76be634ecd15763614e62.png@563w_950h_progressive.webpCS-1的最后两块塔板的侧壁降液管停留时间小于4秒//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/fbc0966937c136cf0285eff2cd267cc95c31661b.png@591w_959h_progressive.webpCS-2的侧壁降液管停留时间均不满足4秒加大侧璧降液管宽度使其侧壁降液管停留时间满足4秒的要求//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/34b6451df6c393884f63ea3d66729eb7dfc5a51a.png@942w_546h_progressive.webpCS-1调整为460mm//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/6a42127e9c04aaaf1444ffdcc33ebd7a27c9ec22.png@942w_546h_progressive.webpCS-2调整为500mm发现CS-1满足了要求，但CS-2出现了液泛率过高的警告（液泛率大于80%Aspen就会警告）//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/6ab190562993434f30d7a3d1b60ddeb0e19047d4.png@542w_987h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/b1e0977362341032c35552c582a3ca56fe241845.png@708w_237h_progressive.webp为降低液泛，加大板间距，重置运行无报错//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/0632593ee7933c3d9a07db2d42b88af983eb3292.png@942w_149h_progressive.webp但CS-2的侧璧降液管停留时间仍然不满足要求//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/4ad45540c360efbc06ff9b089948dddf2ad518c5.png@476w_968h_progressive.webpCS-2降低堰高，增大侧璧降液管宽度；同时为避免液泛警告，增大板间距，重置运行后满足要求//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/bd063a3f6169967487390bf2e608e6d1f40859cd.png@942w_587h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/5c2ea9a21b9d1b22f805a8e407fccd6a4d6653d6.png@783w_1061h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/930f3ddd97ec2ba0584388ff84541a1ae3e2380c.png@392w_953h_progressive.webpCS-2在左上角点击动态功能，点击动态模式//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/d67775b1170e371d4deecd49dd3137a253c2b649.png@942w_539h_progressive.webp在塔模块T1出现了输入不完整//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/d59f650688910c968b784f66d37f7b70d340ee4d.png@942w_596h_progressive.webp对塔的回流罐及塔釜进行设计，参考《HG/T 3154-85 卧式椭圆封头储罐系列》对回流罐进行设计，流股为塔板1的液相//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/3f08ceaee292b4d82d8df7aac49ff5cd5e81d595.png@933w_294h_progressive.webp塔釜的流股为倒数第二块板的液相//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/db8c4ce5a1355307687d28fd300b2f1b77c6b408.png@942w_1016h_progressive.webp计算结果如下//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/b4998d26161d4b1e9c72041c6ddd310a7b34f984.png@942w_525h_progressive.webp本文塔釜液槽设计按照圆筒公式进行计算进行输入，回流罐请按自己的设计要求选择是水平（卧式）还是垂直（立式）及封头类型//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/01f819b96dc2a73ce64820fd8e5d42f601e5b420.png@665w_407h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/1cd587d50a588cd46373a233e9e1c9c2fe0b2cef.png@698w_392h_progressive.webp水力学参数按照塔内件的参数进行输入//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/9e13f7f637d9cea41d876a9ce6181e9c04e1d3e6.png@942w_273h_progressive.webp参数均输入后点击测压器//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/5b3037c6ea5e58e9a1ba24bfda2f850d5681a7ff.png@942w_285h_progressive.webp点击确定即可//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/4cb5361c56156b5e2544de7cb6a7a76eff926607.png@600w_198h_progressive.webp如果塔的进口流股的压力与塔的进料板压力不同会有如下报错（就不翻译了）//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/24846fa5eedb4c759c8f0858193b3e1bc56245e3.png@750w_477h_progressive.webp点击压力驱动或者更新压力驱动均可//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/58f2dbb47d427f335d6b7ea06bbc8f5c6cd260e6.png@942w_341h_progressive.webp如果参数选择的好没有报错，只会提示要对精馏塔进行液位控制，泵模拟时为典型的泵特性曲线，这些可以忽略//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/bd09557ee10006b7fdf7d439cc57bd71e211b919.png@750w_764h_progressive.webp但一般都会有塔板压降过小的报错，此时导出动态文件中止//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/858b8bbf4dba6d51e56a007f448726f596fabed3.png@737w_894h_progressive.webp可通过提高设定的塔压降或者降低溢流堰高度解决。改变塔压降会导致稳态流程的流股变化，而改变溢流堰高度对稳态结果无影响，降低溢流堰高度使塔板压降变大。此时在塔内件与动态的参数均应改变，直至同时符合全国大学生化工设计竞赛-现代设计方法评审细则-2021及导出要求(在往届国赛作品中，很多团队在这里设计的塔内件并没有达到全国大学生化工设计竞赛-现代设计方法评审细则-2021的塔设计要求，即板式塔液泛率在60%~85%、降液管液位高度/板间距（指降液管持液量(充气)）在20%~50%、降液管液体停留时间（指侧壁降液管停留时间）>4s；填料塔能力因子(Fractional Capacity)即液泛率 （常数L/V）在40%~80% )
调整参数使得运行结果符合要求，调整结果如下//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/4267ebee8a04de9f51971530e40b9971fcb46598.png@942w_615h_progressive.webpCS-1//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/4db748e9c27bbecf02b249b8e39980354af42f91.png@942w_618h_progressive.webpCS-2//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/19113181766222fde35f437bc5c3159ed91ead68.png@942w_933h_progressive.webpCS-1结果//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/684472c7386f4f6796147293ffaf37b97e07c99e.png@942w_849h_progressive.webpCS-2结果点击压力驱动，点击保存，等待一会会弹出APD的文件窗口
//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/642d8caf8283a3ac52e3a56e14623d5684736c98.png@857w_656h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/ff05bf72fa1dd33575d26c98004c2306d6ba4c54.png@942w_515h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/db75225feabec8d8b64ee7d3c7165cd639554cbc.png动态模拟，一般采用比例积分微分控制器（PID）进行调控，在化工仪表及过程控制中给出塔的控制方案一般为//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/87e4f326fe81b33ce47ef246533d8e66b55cc89b.png@942w_633h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/e2b51af685d0a9a93f97bc38cd6afeff10ba7fe7.png@875w_645h_progressive.webp将其简化，得出最简单的塔控制系统：进料流股流量控制、塔压力控制、回流罐液位控制、塔釜液位控制、灵敏板温度控制。导出的塔动态模拟文件会自动生成塔压力控制//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/9686e95c52dde04ae04ca74d1e547c352c74ce78.png@864w_819h_progressive.webp对应灵敏板的选择，本文采用简单的斜率判据（塔板温度曲线的斜率最大处为灵敏板）与灵敏度判据（增减操作变量的0.1%-△X，得出塔板温度变化量△T，做出△T/△X~塔板数曲线，最大处为灵敏板）（只需一种方法的计算结果即可，不同方法计算得出灵敏度结果会有差异）//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/ec30da2053998875e1e48bb353813605c6337036.png@851w_501h_progressive.webp塔原参数//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/c20e04d4693b0e141f4d9167b98cacc3bae3fa5d.png@794w_1088h_progressive.webp塔原参数//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/481c019ddb04d3bcafefde54b2f168c6c383fd8e.png@927w_486h_progressive.webp加大0.1%的回流比//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/3de1b3597ea88f0e8ce47bf5044aaf4396e9329a.png@942w_495h_progressive.webp加大0.1%的再沸器热负荷将三个塔的塔板温度结果复制到excel中，进行数据处理//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/5c002aaf7e899c4e648cc0674a80f6f57690788e.png@887w_821h_progressive.webp塔原数据//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/7335daad8f16c476d67ec5dc65b0a904b2bb4691.png@942w_417h_progressive.webp将excel文件导入origin。斜率判据首先绘制塔板-温度曲线//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/30cb253175795d02042d0d96b94fd53acdadb8ca.png@942w_753h_progressive.webp点击曲线，在上方工具栏找到分析，选择数学，选择微分，打开对话框//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/82124ec72231f33d11a23296e462878ebef8d599.png@942w_657h_progressive.webp勾选画出导数曲线，点击确定//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/ba9fc14846ecc6cd0dee313bb60ab37bfb2c3163.png@683w_479h_progressive.webp会自动添加一阶导数的数据，得出图像如下，图像框内右键选择添加标注，双击最高点回车后得到坐标值，即灵敏板为34//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/54dfcc9104c00f5b473d6fb41a89f60c03796cd7.png@942w_656h_progressive.webp灵敏度判据通过如下开环增益与塔板数曲线，得出灵敏板为34//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/0c5af54d921a1a4642ae95c8c31619a39be5479e.png@942w_755h_progressive.webp//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/5be92ad9000451ee5ef4a8ed1113ff745660a781.png@942w_761h_progressive.webp动态模拟的软件设计非评分要求，但往届国赛作品中部分队伍做了动态模拟设计，可与PID图相参考呼应。如果选择做动态模拟，最好搭配详细的设计报告说明书本文所用文件链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/17JCn_SkNSJHBjTyUbWTBCQ?pwd=adcd 提取码：adcd
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thanks for your sharing
谢谢楼主的分享了!{:1110_549:} {:1110_550:}{:1110_549:} {:1110_550:} 学习一下，谢谢分享！ 精馏塔的动态模拟了解一遍。图片不能一块复制不方便 {:1110_549:}{:1110_553:} 学习学习，谢谢分享 谢谢楼主的分享 很好的资料，谢谢！ 謝謝樓主介紹，學習了。 {:1110_549:}{:1110_550:} 讲解的很细了，受教了。 {:1110_550:}讲解的很细了，受教了。 {:1110_550:}{:1110_550:} 谢谢楼主的分享！！！ 非常好的案例 {:1110_550:}
非常好的案例，谢谢楼主分享
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