Aspen流程模拟——精馏塔的动态模拟下
转自B站：https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv18385390采用软件为Aspen Plus Dynamics V12、Aspen Plus V12、Origin 2018，语言中文。本人所学有限，内容讲解难免有所疏漏，敬请指正。本文所用文献资料及bkp、dynf文件等见本文结尾链接。//i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/0117cbba35e51b0bce5f8c2f6a838e8a087e8ee7.png打开保存的dynf文件，在下方的controls模型下点击PIDIncr，在流程空白处点击即放置了一个PID控制器（操作和Aspen Plus相同）https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/b7b8103d449652dd18f03bca5438443d36ec0316.png@942w_515h_progressive.webp此时控制器缺少信号的输入与输出，在下方流股选择处，选择控制信号ControlSignalhttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/88297987ff5b96a38361565527f55cdec73d5446.png@942w_515h_progressive.webp对于塔顶的回流罐液位简单控制，输入信号为回流罐液位，输出信号为阀门V102开度，同Aspen Plus操作从塔顶回流罐出发，点击蓝色箭头https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/9db167afb5116bf85ec9aabff877f5b3b7125df0.png@942w_515h_progressive.webp弹出控制变量的选择框，找到回流罐液位，即塔板1的液位，选择Stage1.Level（另一侧也有参数的详细描述）点击，再点击OKhttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/b9c01ca0746121b9a7989813fd77708a0b814cda.png@942w_773h_progressive.webp该控制信号应当输送给刚刚放置的PID控制器https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/7a03b461c72348c0958d4dad26c1035ee0a6bcb6.png@942w_344h_progressive.webp又弹出控制变量的选择框，液位信号是作为控制器的PV（过程变量，即实际测量值）https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/aa62381452a862a4e7c50e737621eb598dcd8a01.png@587w_518h_progressive.webp同理输出端应当为OP（控制器输出，即连接阀门开度）https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/dac09a8ab973e39d26b458f32076da16eb0b8b42.png@587w_518h_progressive.webp另一端与阀门连接，即完成了回流罐液位的控制连接https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/03f1ee85a6ff666eeedb5f909e22298f4489136d.png@942w_315h_progressive.webp点击PID控制器，选择Rename Block将模块重命名为LC_Dhttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/5f9c2070dfe2d23872e58a7a697f92885656f4ae.png@828w_771h_progressive.webp也可在左边的模块窗口进行操作https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/e4543b5bd8c58e321cff57cc13746d586f9721dd.png@539w_881h_progressive.webp下方为LC_D的参数（此处就不翻译了），也可以通过双击流程中的PC_D模块查看参数https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/26d5ece484b0ae6413ad902ea3800859390c4bba.png@482w_872h_progressive.webphttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/5a1bcfb61f74fa702023fc815c7fc878c58f0602.png@383w_245h_progressive.webp此时SP、PV（设定值与实际测量值）与实际流程对不上，而且无单位。可以在上方操作栏选择Initialization，点击三角形运行或者选择上方的Run进行运行（操作和Aspen Plus差不多）https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/684fbea4483854d63688fa4f93b20ec706fea8ab.png@942w_245h_progressive.webphttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/bf56761bf21820aba22b6719d510a738d3fafb44.png@866w_606h_progressive.webp弹出完成窗口https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/34e6af38a2fda75d064d93dd111dc4c58f6c315f.png@357w_269h_progressive.webp或者在左边直接对模块进行初始化（双击）https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/9b37f92d908a4446903b8302621a53d9940854f6.png@470w_860h_progressive.webp又或者直接在流程中LC_D模块上进行操作，双击后找到下方的图标并点击，选择初始化https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/6b4352439cacd1e3ca62dbb8588f13b3a434c4d8.png@942w_599h_progressive.webp接下来就是对PID控制器的比例度、积分时间、微分时间进行调控，一般对不同变量参考如下https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/487b83ae66a8158c94d2f4b741a6306bf5035464.png@942w_180h_progressive.webp化工仪表及自动化第5版_厉玉鸣主编Gain为比例增益Kp(δ~1/Kp)，lntegral time为积分时间TI，Derivative time为微分时间TDhttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/e8dc8b7f6fa5cb9205c709f481cec7524ae14fbe.png@942w_654h_progressive.webp按照参照液位可直接采用比例控制，即无积分、微分，即积分时间TI等于无穷大，微分时间TD等于0。参数调整如下https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/14490e10c6ebbf8900149eb9fbb4638ccac00b6d.png@942w_618h_progressive.webp控制器的作用选择，Direct为正作用，Reverse为反作用。对于回流罐液位控制，如果液位变大，为保证安全，应当增大阀门开度使得液位降低，即液位-阀门开度（输入-输出）为正作用https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/79a425e7c32251ac94a10c124b6d0d2bc43999f7.png@942w_642h_progressive.webp对于系统自动导入的塔顶压力控制器PC（已重命名），同理进行参数设计，一般按默认值即可https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/415f8d12b25672e1c33d95d6c8b4f2b596cd50c3.png@942w_356h_progressive.webp此处正反作用的选择，因为输入为回流罐压力，输出为冷凝器热负荷，则为反作用https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/56d5dfcb088b654f131f07ae5e7310f5634307a8.png@942w_513h_progressive.webp同理搭建塔釜液位控制LC_W，输出选择塔釜液位SumpLevel，https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/00388281ba62215707ad59c9ce6ca538f2dccb86.png@890w_668h_progressive.webphttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/b638185d86006ae9aebd19a9e82b3c0eb1fca4a3.png@942w_414h_progressive.webp参数选择相同https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/c31461d2cc7b138f353723ec8418df8f92c8f5cb.png@942w_606h_progressive.webp此时我们可以运行看看参数有无问题，右侧选择模块，点击结果图ResultsPlot，弹出图像https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/8befca5d3179a0ede9dc83c62e6a3900daff8f96.png@503w_903h_progressive.webphttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/28166bc3a89c244ff69f3a49dfc702a86ae614cc.png@942w_503h_progressive.webp选择动态模式Dynamic运行https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/aae65d8fb7967907204452d270e52c5948228546.png@936w_168h_progressive.webp得出图像，下方为运行时间，只有点击中止按钮才停止运行https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/2aa15435abf35714b23d5dea19df1ca397f2a75b.png@942w_515h_progressive.webp选择运行时间，在Run的工具栏下选择Pause Athttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/30fec2b40f3631b9832b28c947d1ca87fc8da845.png@849w_585h_progressive.webp我们看到默认为无限期运行Run Indefinitely，选择第二个暂停时间即可自由选择运行多长时间https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/b778081ff4f68aaa2d2f6973f63ee9fdc15d2d74.png@497w_231h_progressive.webp运行1小时后停止https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/d2fda373b718b401748bbccd51337360719af07e.png@942w_515h_progressive.webp控制系统肯定是以我们需要的产品纯度为目的进行选择，可以可以通过左边的Add Form或者上方的图标添加图表https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/7a926ccb10c0bb93314f6791addb9cf55d4d20bf.png@942w_624h_progressive.webp命名为T1https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/7dc20c926aef9ca51d4ead6ceda0656e9d4579dd.png@443w_276h_progressive.webp但是图并没有指定纵坐标https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/bb4e1fc02c088fca45dd24d6670867228c9d8021.png@942w_686h_progressive.webp右键塔顶流股，在Form下选择Results得到流股信息https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/c8709057df6f88b5e84f26eb492205c303605164.png@942w_575h_progressive.webphttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/2b47bcff546f7c9b11f88ebfbddacee25f347a1f.png@942w_572h_progressive.webp将需要的组分质量分数复制到T1图中https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/14f091f790f0a06b553709db4de111503fc5e912.gif@942w_356h_progressive.webp同理将塔釜流股组分的质量分数及进料量加入https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/0203448f5f9ad5b9860791e2c4454a805582981f.png@942w_692h_progressive.webp双击图表区域，在AxisMap轴选择处选择One for Each（变量都有对应的坐标轴）https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/9f2a4e07e03cd87064fd726954b7a2ab659a1858.png@942w_372h_progressive.webphttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/f5d3163dcc703adb60eeb31474421054612a31b2.png@942w_683h_progressive.webp至此我们已经加入了三个控制系统，还有灵敏板温度及进料量控制。对于进料量，输入为进料的质量流量，输出为阀门开度
https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/5144213cc5e012e4641a43968df8eb87e4a3a252.png@587w_518h_progressive.webp搭建如下https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/bdf12074c76dcf35531500a2a46f696213685f1d.png@410w_252h_progressive.webp按照参考值输入比例增益为0.3，积分时间为0.5min，为反作用（流股量变大，阀门关小以保证进料恒定），点击初始化https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/0819b1dd1cc81672a789f78f0c8f55af97fd4c18.png@942w_701h_progressive.webp对于温度控制，按照经验容量滞后大，因此需要加入滞后时间Dead Time（或死区时间）
https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/557fbac46708eb6b6990c7121a7303c587515de4.png@942w_104h_progressive.webp输入为计算出的灵敏板34的塔板温度https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/e77ae2cd162ac05fddbc8dbaf71170ee23401147.png@854w_600h_progressive.webp输出为塔釜的再沸器热负荷https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/655216ded769713001963eb0f4431977be900641.png@731w_564h_progressive.webp搭建如下https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/199fec07a2054e3ce929ce04757b27dcb8f3c882.png@711w_302h_progressive.webp死区时间这里设定为2min，选择Dead Time模块，右键在Forms项目中找到所有变量AllVariableshttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/83a4ad83cec72aba54cb8380cb6ca927bf39b5d2.png@752w_761h_progressive.webp更改DeadTime参数https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/e0f4e01d7184b72e870bcc108d232b4f1c004e7a.png@587w_461h_progressive.webp对于最重要的温度控制其为反作用https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/13a1adcc06506208d53a8d62b507aa56c4f0bf01.png@942w_506h_progressive.webp具体参数采用继电-反馈测试确定，点击图标，测试方法选择闭环Closed loop ATV
https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/5aedffa4cd5b586541213f738c84877e9fce5c56.png@942w_383h_progressive.webp右侧点击结果图像查看继电-反馈测试曲线https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/c42b30a1e3691b9c4b730aefbcc4863475d7151b.png@477w_861h_progressive.webp或者直接双击TC控制器，选择图像https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/1306713ab14674dcb5d092ae58df44b0c612f7c3.png@942w_488h_progressive.webp初始化后调整为动态模式，点击运行
https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/8baf48c971f608c10d6024aedbe4fca42c46ee39.png@942w_132h_progressive.webp运行开始后，点击开始测试https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/c8071305164dd7891a335ddee69282140f40da9b.png@942w_521h_progressive.webp可以看到开始测试后，曲线为周期振荡https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/fb2baa2e5297594ee272f79e1beaf4e1aa7bfa29.png@942w_413h_progressive.webp待运行几个循环后，点击完成测试https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/ca4c4ceb03e1554834ba69619ad7e2b5430905ed.png@612w_762h_progressive.webp点击测试参数，选择计算，Aspen会根据测试的运行结果得到一个合理的控制参数，点击更新即可https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/4811974b792cee8670998c768c354a35018a1177.png@942w_384h_progressive.webp至此，对于一个简单的塔控制系统已经设计完成，我们只需要对控制效果进行测试。首先是进料量的波动，一般为10%，按照以上操作选择塔顶乙酸质量分数、塔釜丙酸质量分数及进料量（也可以查看其他参数变化图表如液位、灵敏板温度等）。设定运行时间为1小时https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/feee95c3c335dfc4db241717a53bc43790267c9c.png@942w_707h_progressive.webp开始运行，我们发现曲线并不是直线，而是波动的https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/4dcc2887a73edaca526a3054cfcba5dd3636dc0c.png@341w_774h_progressive.webp这是因为上述搭建后塔运行还为形成稳态，加大运行时间，即锏轿忍琱ttps://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/c98e23a2bab1fa89010ca3dcd45902405082da80.png@942w_608h_progressive.webp此时将其重置或者直接用均可，本文这里将其初始化后再改为动态模式运行1小时，结果如下https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/beaeb981580a47c355587ab4d62f10238f9f914a.png@942w_624h_progressive.webp更改进料量为27,500kg/h（初始为25000kg/h）https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/4d84cb1eac85356eaa8853edaf8e6780e3b75b99.png@422w_273h_progressive.webp改为一直运行https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/7397362c51a829148147c4809e9c7e69ce8d3d8c.png@549w_248h_progressive.webp可以看出对于塔顶乙酸的质量分数有影响，但浓度变化不大，经过6小时后波动趋于0https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/6f15a3358e2fe40e1e062660a56ddbc6dacb704b.png@942w_467h_progressive.webp查看灵敏板温度变化，发现波动小且1小时后就趋于稳定https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/537676754bc1c63cee80242b8201e990a961844a.png@942w_387h_progressive.webp当然也可以继续调节控制参数优化变化曲线，扰动也可以选择其他变量，在此不再赘述。本文所采用均为简单控制，对于复杂控制如比值控制等可参考相关书籍。常用模块比值（如设定两股进料量之比）如下https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/daedceea22ddba2b895e39b0e092feae4ab10ab7.png@942w_146h_progressive.webp动态模拟的软件设计非评分要求，但往届国赛作品中部分队伍做了动态模拟设计，可与PID图相参考呼应。如果选择做动态模拟，最好搭配详细的设计报告说明书本文所用文件链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/17JCn_SkNSJHBjTyUbWTBCQ?pwd=adcd 提取码：adcd
感谢分享！ {:1110_549:}{:1110_551:} 谢谢楼主。
这是B站转来的，不是知乎吧？ shinbade 发表于 2023-1-27 11:22
谢谢楼主。
这是B站转来的，不是知乎吧？
地址哔站，眼拙了。哈哈 谢谢分享，正在学习，慢慢摸索 谢谢 不错，支持下 {:1110_553:} good,thanks
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