Plantwide Control Recent Developments and Applications.pdf

Plantwide Control Recent Developments and Applications                                 登录/注册后可看大图                                 登录/注册后可看大图 2. Edition February 2012 142.- Euro 2012. 494 Pages, Hardcover ISBN 978-0-470-98014-9 - John Wiley & Sons                                 登录/注册后可看大图	登录/注册后可看大图 Sample Chapter
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Detailed description The use of control systems is necessary for safe and optimal operation of industrial processes in the presence of inevitable disturbances and uncertainties. Plant-wide control (PWC) involves the systems and strategies required to control an entire chemical plant consisting of many interacting unit operations. Over the past 30 years, many tools and methodologies have been developed to accommodate increasingly larger and more complex plants. This book provides a state-of-the-art of techniques for the design and evaluation of PWC systems. Various applications taken from chemical, petrochemical, biofuels and mineral processing industries are used to illustrate the use of these approaches. This book contains 20 chapters organized in the following sections: * Overview and Industrial Perspective * Tools and Heuristics * Methodologies * Applications * Emerging Topics With contributions from the leading researchers and industrial practitioners on PWC design, this book is key reading for researchers, postgraduate students, and process control engineers interested in PWC. From the contents Preface Section I: Overview and Perspective 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Plant-Wide Control 2 1.3 Scope and Organization of the Book 4 References 10 2 Industrial Perspective on Plant-Wide Control 2.1 Introduction 1 2.2 Design Environment 3 2.3 Disturbances and Measurement System Design 6 2.4 Academic Contributions 8 2.5 Conclusions 11 References 12 Section II: Tools and Heuristics 3 Control Degrees of Freedom Analysis for Plant-Wide Control of Industrial Processes 3.1 Introduction 2 3.2 Control Degrees of Freedom (CDOF) 4 3.3 Computation Methods for Control Degrees of Freedom (CDOF): A Review 7 3.4 Computation of CDOF Using Flowsheet-Oriented Method 14 3.5 Application of Flowsheet-Oriented Method to Distillation Columns and the Concept of Redundant Process Variables 19 3.6 Application of Flowsheet-Oriented Method to Compute CDOF to Complex Integrated Processes 22 3.7 Conclusions 23 References 24 4 Selection of Controlled Variables Using Self-Optimizing Control Method 4.1 Introduction 2 4.2 General Principle 4 4.3 Brute-Force Optimization Approach for CV Selection 8 4.4 Local Methods 11 4.5 Branch and Bound Methods 21 4.6 Constraint Handling 23 4.7 Case Study: Forced Circulation Evaporator 26 4.8 Conclusions and Discussion 32 4.9 Acknowledgements 34 References 34 5 Input-Output Pairing Selection for Design of Decentralized Controller 5.1 Introduction 2 5.2 Relative Gain Array and Variants 5 Steady-State RGA 6 5.3 μ-Interaction Measure 15 5.4 Pairing Analysis Based on the Controllability and Observability 17 Input-Output Pairing for Uncertain Multivariable Plants 21 RGA in the Presence of Statistical Uncertainty 22 RGA in the Presence of Norm-Bounded Uncertainties 23 DIOPM and the Effect of Uncertainty 26 Input-Output Pairing for Nonlinear Multivariable Plants 28 5.7 Conclusions and Discussion 31 References 33 6 Heuristics for Plantwide Control 6.1 Introduction 2 6.2 Basics of Heuristic Plantwide Control 4 6.3 Application to HDA Process 18 6.4 Conclusion 21 7 Throughput Manipulator Location Selection for Economic Plantwide Control 7.1 Introduction 2 7.2 Throughput Manipulation, Inventory Regulation and Plantwide Variability Propagation 3 7.3 Quantitative Case Studies 6 7.4 Discussion 19 7.5 Conclusions 23 7.6 Acknowledgments 23 7.7 Supplementary Information 23 References 24 8 Influence of Process Variability Propagation in Plant-Wide Control 8.1 Introduction 2 8.2 Theoretical Background 5 8.3 Local Unit Operation Control 12 8.4 Inventory Control 15 Plant-Wide Control Examples 21 8.6 Conclusion 25 References 27 Section III: Methodologies 9 A Review of Plant-Wide Control Methodologies and Applications 9.1 Introduction 1 9.2 Review and Approach-Based Classification of PWC Methodologies 3 9.3 Structure-Based Classification of PWC Methodologies 12 9.4 Processes Studied in PWC Applications 14 9.5 Comparative Studies on Different Methodologies 16 9.6 Concluding Remarks 18 References 20 10 Integrated Framework of Simulation and Heuristics for Plant-Wide Control System Design 10.1 Introduction 1 10.2 HDA Process: Overview and Simulation 2 10.3 Integrated Framework Procedure and Application to HDA Plant 5 10.4 Evaluation of the Control System 17 10.5 Conclusions 18 References 20 11 Economic Plantwide Control Introduction 1 Control Layers and Time Scale Separation 3 Plantwide Control Procedure 7 Degrees of Freedom for Operation 9 11.5 Skogestad's Plantwide Control Procedure 12 Top-Down Part 12 Discussion 29 Conclusion 30 REFERENCES 30 12 Performance Assessment of Plant-Wide Control Systems 12.1 Introduction 2 12.2 Desirable Qualities of a Good Performance Measure 4 12.3 Performance Measure Based on Steady State: Steady-State Operating Cost/Profit 5 12.4 Performance Measures Based on Dynamics 6 12.5 Application of the Performance Measures to the HDA Plant Control Structure 11 12.6 Application of the Performance Measures for Comparing PWC Systems 15 12.7 Discussion and Recommendations 17 12.8 Concluding Remarks 21 References 21 Section IV: Applications Studies 13 Design and Control of a Cooled Ammonia Reactor 13.1 Introduction 2 13.2 Cold-Shot Process 4 13.3 Cooled-Reactor Process 7 13.4 Control 13 13.5 Conclusion 16 13.6 Acknowledgement 16 References 16 14 Design and Plant-Wide Control of a Biodiesel Plant 14.1 Introduction 1 14.2 Steady-State Plant Design and Simulation 4 14.3 Optimization of Plant Operation 10 14.4 Application of IFSH to Biodiesel Plant 12 14.5 Validation of the Plant-Wide Control Structure 18 14.6 Conclusions 20 References 20 15 Plant-Wide Control of a Reactive Distillation Process 15.1 Introduction 2 15.2 Design of Ethyl Acetate Reactive-Distillation Process 3 15.3 Control Structure Development of the Two Catalyst Systems 8 Closed-Loop Simulation Results 13 15.4 Conclusions 17 References 17 16 Control System Design of a Crystallizer Train for Para-Xylene Recovery 16.1 Introduction 3 16.1 Process 5 16.2 Description 5 16.3 Process Model 8 16.4 Control System Design 14 16.5 Conclusions 26 16.6 5.A Linear Steady State Model and Constraints 27 References 29 17 Modeling and Control of Industrial Off-Gas Systems 17.1 Introduction 3 17.2 Process Description 5 Off-Gas System Model Development 7 17.4 Control of Smelter Off-Gas Systems 14 17.5 Conclusion 28 Notation 29 Subscripts 32 References 33 Section V: Emerging Topics 18 Plant-Wide Control via a Network of Autonomous Controllers 18.1 Introduction 2 18.2 Process and Controller Networks 7 Plant-Wide Stability Analysis Based on Dissipativity 13 18.4 Controller Network Design 18 Plant-Wide Connective Stability 25 18.5 Case Study 31 18.6 Discussions and Conclusion 35 References 40 19 Co-Ordinated, Distributed Plant-Wide Control 19.1 Introduction 2 Co-Ordination Based Plant-Wide Control 8 Price-Driven Co-Ordination Procedure: 14 19.3 Case Studies 25 Plant-Wide Coordination and Performance Comparison 27 Plant-Wide Co-Ordination and Performance 32 19.4 The Future 34 References 38 20 Determination of Plant-Wide Control Loop Configuration and Eco-Efficiency 20.1 Introduction 1 20.2 Relative Gain Array (RGA) and Relative Exergy Gain Array (REA) 4 20.3 Exergy Calculation Procedure 10 20.4 Case Study 13 20.5 Summary 19 References